Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
Identifieur interne : 003C06 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003C05; suivant : 003C07Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
Auteurs : Iosif Lazaridis [États-Unis] ; Nick Patterson [États-Unis] ; Alissa Mittnik [Allemagne] ; Gabriel Renaud [Allemagne] ; Swapan Mallick [États-Unis] ; Karola Kirsanow [Allemagne] ; Peter H. Sudmant [États-Unis] ; Joshua G. Schraiber [États-Unis] ; Sergi Castellano [Allemagne] ; Mark Lipson [États-Unis] ; Bonnie Berger [États-Unis] ; Christos Economou [Suède] ; Ruth Bollongino [Allemagne] ; Qiaomei Fu [États-Unis, Allemagne, République populaire de Chine] ; Kirsten I. Bos [Allemagne] ; Susanne Nordenfelt [États-Unis] ; Heng Li [États-Unis] ; Cesare De Filippo [Allemagne] ; Kay Prüfer [Allemagne] ; Susanna Sawyer [Allemagne] ; Cosimo Posth [Allemagne] ; Wolfgang Haak [Australie] ; Fredrik Hallgren [Suède] ; Elin Fornander [Suède] ; Nadin Rohland [États-Unis] ; Dominique Delsate [Luxembourg (pays)] ; Michael Francken [Allemagne] ; Jean-Michel Guinet [Luxembourg (pays)] ; Joachim Wahl [Allemagne] ; George Ayodo [Kenya] ; Hamza A. Babiker [Royaume-Uni, Oman] ; Graciela Bailliet [Argentine] ; Elena Balanovska [Russie] ; Oleg Balanovsky [Russie] ; Ramiro Barrantes [Costa Rica] ; Gabriel Bedoya [Colombie] ; Haim Ben-Ami [Israël] ; Judit Bene ; Fouad Berrada [Maroc] ; Claudio M. Bravi [Argentine] ; Francesca Brisighelli [Italie] ; George B. J. Busby [Royaume-Uni] ; Francesco Cali [Italie] ; Mikhail Churnosov [Russie] ; David E. C. Cole [Canada] ; Daniel Corach [Argentine] ; Larissa Damba [Russie] ; George Van Driem [Suisse] ; Stanislav Dryomov [Russie] ; Jean-Michel Dugoujon [France] ; Sardana A. Fedorova [Russie] ; Irene Gallego Romero [États-Unis] ; Marina Gubina [Russie] ; Michael Hammer [États-Unis] ; Brenna M. Henn [États-Unis] ; Tor Hervig [Norvège] ; Ugur Hodoglugil ; Aashish R. Jha [États-Unis] ; Sena Karachanak-Yankova [Bulgarie] ; Rita Khusainova [Russie] ; Elza Khusnutdinova [Russie] ; Rick Kittles [États-Unis] ; Toomas Kivisild [Royaume-Uni] ; William Klitz [États-Unis] ; Vaidutis Ku Inskas [Lituanie] ; Alena Kushniarevich [Estonie] ; Leila Laredj [France] ; Sergey Litvinov [Russie, Estonie] ; Theologos Loukidis ; Robert W. Mahley [États-Unis] ; Béla Melegh ; Ene Metspalu [Estonie] ; Julio Molina [Guatemala] ; Joanna Mountain [États-Unis] ; Klemetti N Kk L J Rvi [Finlande] ; Desislava Nesheva [Bulgarie] ; Thomas Nyambo [Tanzanie] ; Ludmila Osipova [Russie] ; Jüri Parik [Estonie] ; Fedor Platonov [Russie] ; Olga Posukh [Russie] ; Valentino Romano [Italie] ; Francisco Rothhammer [Chili] ; Igor Rudan [Royaume-Uni] ; Ruslan Ruizbakiev [Ouzbékistan] ; Hovhannes Sahakyan [Estonie, Arménie] ; Antti Sajantila [Finlande, États-Unis] ; Antonio Salas [Espagne] ; Elena B. Starikovskaya [Russie] ; Ayele Tarekegn [Royaume-Uni] ; Draga Toncheva [Bulgarie] ; Shahlo Turdikulova [Ouzbékistan] ; Ingrida Uktveryte [Lituanie] ; Olga Utevska [Ukraine] ; René Vasquez ; Mercedes Villena ; Mikhail Voevoda [Russie] ; Cheryl Winkler [États-Unis] ; Levon Yepiskoposyan [Arménie] ; Pierre Zalloua [Liban, États-Unis] ; Tatijana Zemunik [Croatie] ; Alan Cooper [Australie] ; Cristian Capelli [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark G. Thomas [Royaume-Uni] ; Andres Ruiz-Linares [Royaume-Uni] ; Sarah A. Tishkoff [États-Unis] ; Lalji Singh [Inde] ; Kumarasamy Thangaraj [Inde] ; Richard Villems [Estonie] ; David Comas [Espagne] ; Rem Sukernik [Russie] ; Mait Metspalu [Estonie] ; Matthias Meyer [Allemagne] ; Evan E. Eichler [États-Unis] ; Joachim Burger [Allemagne] ; Montgomery Slatkin [États-Unis] ; Svante P Bo [Allemagne] ; Janet Kelso [Allemagne] ; David Reich [États-Unis] ; Johannes Krause [Allemagne]Source :
- Nature [ 0028-0836 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- ethnologie : Asie.
- génétique : Génome humain, Population d'origine européenne.
- histoire : Agriculture.
- main d’œuvre : Agriculture.
- Analyse en composantes principales, Dynamique des populations, Europe, Histoire ancienne, Humains, Population d'origine européenne.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic , ethnology : Asia.
- classification : European Continental Ancestry Group.
- genetics : European Continental Ancestry Group, Genome, Human.
- history : Agriculture.
- manpower : Agriculture.
- geographic : Europe, History, Ancient, Humans, Population Dynamics, Principal Component Analysis.
Abstract
We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000 year old farmer from Germany and eight
~8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analyzed these and other
ancient genomes
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/nature13673
PubMed: 25230663
PubMed Central: 4170574
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Argentine, Arménie, Australie, Bulgarie, Canada, Chili, Colombie, Costa Rica, Croatie, Espagne, Estonie, Finlande, France, Guatemala, Inde, Israël, Italie, Kenya, Liban, Lituanie, Luxembourg (pays), Maroc, Norvège, Oman, Ouzbékistan, Royaume-Uni, Russie, République populaire de Chine, Suisse, Suède, Tanzanie, Ukraine, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Bade-Wurtemberg, Canton de Berne, Catalogne, Comté de Stockholm, District de Leipzig, District de Tübingen, Galice, Grand Londres, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ontario, Oxfordshire, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Saxe (Land), Sicile, Svealand, Uusimaa, Washington (État), Écosse
- Barcelone, Berne, Cambridge, Chicago, Helsinki, Leipzig, Londres, Mayence, Oxford, Palerme, Santiago de Compostela, Seattle, Stockholm, Toronto, Tübingen, Édimbourg
- University College de Londres, Université Pompeu Fabra, Université d'Helsinki, Université d'Oxford, Université d'Édimbourg, Université de Berne, Université de Cambridge, Université de Palerme, Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, Université de Stockholm, Université de Toronto, Université de Washington, Université de l'Illinois à Chicago
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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Le document en format XML
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CAS, Beijing, 100049, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing, 100049</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>100049</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bos, Kirsten I" sort="Bos, Kirsten I" uniqKey="Bos K" first="Kirsten I." last="Bos">Kirsten I. Bos</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nordenfelt, Susanne" sort="Nordenfelt, Susanne" uniqKey="Nordenfelt S" first="Susanne" last="Nordenfelt">Susanne Nordenfelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Heng" sort="Li, Heng" uniqKey="Li H" first="Heng" last="Li">Heng Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Filippo, Cesare" sort="De Filippo, Cesare" uniqKey="De Filippo C" first="Cesare" last="De Filippo">Cesare De Filippo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prufer, Kay" sort="Prufer, Kay" uniqKey="Prufer K" first="Kay" last="Prüfer">Kay Prüfer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Susanna" sort="Sawyer, Susanna" uniqKey="Sawyer S" first="Susanna" last="Sawyer">Susanna Sawyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posth, Cosimo" sort="Posth, Cosimo" uniqKey="Posth C" first="Cosimo" last="Posth">Cosimo Posth</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SA 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallgren, Fredrik" sort="Hallgren, Fredrik" uniqKey="Hallgren F" first="Fredrik" last="Hallgren">Fredrik Hallgren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>722 12</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fornander, Elin" sort="Fornander, Elin" uniqKey="Fornander E" first="Elin" last="Fornander">Elin Fornander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>722 12</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delsate, Dominique" sort="Delsate, Dominique" uniqKey="Delsate D" first="Dominique" last="Delsate">Dominique Delsate</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>L-2160</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>L-2345</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francken, Michael" sort="Francken, Michael" uniqKey="Francken M" first="Michael" last="Francken">Michael Francken</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guinet, Jean Michel" sort="Guinet, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Guinet J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Guinet">Jean-Michel Guinet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>L-2160</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wahl, Joachim" sort="Wahl, Joachim" uniqKey="Wahl J" first="Joachim" last="Wahl">Joachim Wahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz, D-78467, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz, D-78467</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>78467</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>78467</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-78467</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayodo, George" sort="Ayodo, George" uniqKey="Ayodo G" first="George" last="Ayodo">George Ayodo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu, 40100, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu, 40100</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>40100</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babiker, Hamza A" sort="Babiker, Hamza A" uniqKey="Babiker H" first="Hamza A." last="Babiker">Hamza A. Babiker</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, 123, Oman</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, 123</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>123</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailliet, Graciela" sort="Bailliet, Graciela" uniqKey="Bailliet G" first="Graciela" last="Bailliet">Graciela Bailliet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B1906APO</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>115478</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>115478</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow, 119991, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow, 119991</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>119991</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrantes, Ramiro" sort="Barrantes, Ramiro" uniqKey="Barrantes R" first="Ramiro" last="Barrantes">Ramiro Barrantes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2060</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedoya, Gabriel" sort="Bedoya, Gabriel" uniqKey="Bedoya G" first="Gabriel" last="Bedoya">Gabriel Bedoya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Medellín</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Ami, Haim" sort="Ben Ami, Haim" uniqKey="Ben Ami H" first="Haim" last="Ben-Ami">Haim Ben-Ami</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 31096, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 31096</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31096</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bene, Judit" sort="Bene, Judit" uniqKey="Bene J" first="Judit" last="Bene">Judit Bene</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">H-7624 Hungary</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berrada, Fouad" sort="Berrada, Fouad" uniqKey="Berrada F" first="Fouad" last="Berrada">Fouad Berrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane, 53000, Morocco</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane, 53000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bravi, Claudio M" sort="Bravi, Claudio M" uniqKey="Bravi C" first="Claudio M." last="Bravi">Claudio M. Bravi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B1906APO</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00168</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Busby, George B J" sort="Busby, George B J" uniqKey="Busby G" first="George B. J." last="Busby">George B. J. Busby</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A30">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cali, Francesco" sort="Cali, Francesco" uniqKey="Cali F" first="Francesco" last="Cali">Francesco Cali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina, 94018, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina, 94018</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94018</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Churnosov, Mikhail" sort="Churnosov, Mikhail" uniqKey="Churnosov M" first="Mikhail" last="Churnosov">Mikhail Churnosov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A32">Belgorod State University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Belgorod State University, Belgorod, 308015</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>308015</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, David E C" sort="Cole, David E C" uniqKey="Cole D" first="David E. C." last="Cole">David E. C. Cole</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L5, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L5</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corach, Daniel" sort="Corach, Daniel" uniqKey="Corach D" first="Daniel" last="Corach">Daniel Corach</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1113 CABA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damba, Larissa" sort="Damba, Larissa" uniqKey="Damba L" first="Larissa" last="Damba">Larissa Damba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Driem, George" sort="Van Driem, George" uniqKey="Van Driem G" first="George" last="Van Driem">George Van Driem</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A36">Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dryomov, Stanislav" sort="Dryomov, Stanislav" uniqKey="Dryomov S" first="Stanislav" last="Dryomov">Stanislav Dryomov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dugoujon, Jean Michel" sort="Dugoujon, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Dugoujon J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Dugoujon">Jean-Michel Dugoujon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, 31000, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, 31000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31000</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana A" sort="Fedorova, Sardana A" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana A." last="Fedorova">Sardana A. Fedorova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems and North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems and North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romero, Irene Gallego" sort="Romero, Irene Gallego" uniqKey="Romero I" first="Irene Gallego" last="Romero">Irene Gallego Romero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>60637</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubina, Marina" sort="Gubina, Marina" uniqKey="Gubina M" first="Marina" last="Gubina">Marina Gubina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael" sort="Hammer, Michael" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael" last="Hammer">Michael Hammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85721</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henn, Brenna M" sort="Henn, Brenna M" uniqKey="Henn B" first="Brenna M." last="Henn">Brenna M. Henn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>11794</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hervig, Tor" sort="Hervig, Tor" uniqKey="Hervig T" first="Tor" last="Hervig">Tor Hervig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>5021</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hodoglugil, Ugur" sort="Hodoglugil, Ugur" uniqKey="Hodoglugil U" first="Ugur" last="Hodoglugil">Ugur Hodoglugil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">NextBio, part of Illumina, Santa Clara, CA, USA 95050</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">USA 95050</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Aashish R" sort="Jha, Aashish R" uniqKey="Jha A" first="Aashish R." last="Jha">Aashish R. Jha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>60637</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karachanak Yankova, Sena" sort="Karachanak Yankova, Sena" uniqKey="Karachanak Yankova S" first="Sena" last="Karachanak-Yankova">Sena Karachanak-Yankova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1431</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza" last="Khusnutdinova">Elza Khusnutdinova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kittles, Rick" sort="Kittles, Rick" uniqKey="Kittles R" first="Rick" last="Kittles">Rick Kittles</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A48">College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de l'Illinois à Chicago</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A49">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QH</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klitz, William" sort="Klitz, William" uniqKey="Klitz W" first="William" last="Klitz">William Klitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94720-3140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ku Inskas, Vaidutis" sort="Ku Inskas, Vaidutis" uniqKey="Ku Inskas V" first="Vaidutis" last="Ku Inskas">Vaidutis Ku Inskas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661, Lithuania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>LT-08661</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laredj, Leila" sort="Laredj, Leila" uniqKey="Laredj L" first="Leila" last="Laredj">Leila Laredj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A52">Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 67404, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 67404</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>67404</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>67404</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergey" sort="Litvinov, Sergey" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergey" last="Litvinov">Sergey Litvinov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loukidis, Theologos" sort="Loukidis, Theologos" uniqKey="Loukidis T" first="Theologos" last="Loukidis">Theologos Loukidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahley, Robert W" sort="Mahley, Robert W" uniqKey="Mahley R" first="Robert W." last="Mahley">Robert W. Mahley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A53">Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94158</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melegh, Bela" sort="Melegh, Bela" uniqKey="Melegh B" first="Béla" last="Melegh">Béla Melegh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">H-7624 Hungary</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molina, Julio" sort="Molina, Julio" uniqKey="Molina J" first="Julio" last="Molina">Julio Molina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A55">Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ciudad de Guatemala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mountain, Joanna" sort="Mountain, Joanna" uniqKey="Mountain J" first="Joanna" last="Mountain">Joanna Mountain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A56">Research Department, 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Department, 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, CA, 94043</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94043</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="N Kk L J Rvi, Klemetti" sort="N Kk L J Rvi, Klemetti" uniqKey="N Kk L J Rvi K" first="Klemetti" last="N Kk L J Rvi">Klemetti N Kk L J Rvi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A57">Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>90014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nesheva, Desislava" sort="Nesheva, Desislava" uniqKey="Nesheva D" first="Desislava" last="Nesheva">Desislava Nesheva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1431</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyambo, Thomas" sort="Nyambo, Thomas" uniqKey="Nyambo T" first="Thomas" last="Nyambo">Thomas Nyambo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila" sort="Osipova, Ludmila" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila" last="Osipova">Ludmila Osipova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parik, Juri" sort="Parik, Juri" uniqKey="Parik J" first="Jüri" last="Parik">Jüri Parik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Platonov, Fedor" sort="Platonov, Fedor" uniqKey="Platonov F" first="Fedor" last="Platonov">Fedor Platonov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A59">Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posukh, Olga" sort="Posukh, Olga" uniqKey="Posukh O" first="Olga" last="Posukh">Olga Posukh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romano, Valentino" sort="Romano, Valentino" uniqKey="Romano V" first="Valentino" last="Romano">Valentino Romano</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A60">Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, 90128</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Palerme</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Palerme</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Sicile</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothhammer, Francisco" sort="Rothhammer, Francisco" uniqKey="Rothhammer F" first="Francisco" last="Rothhammer">Francisco Rothhammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A61">Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A62">Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A63">Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica, Chile</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>EH8 9AG</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruizbakiev, Ruslan" sort="Ruizbakiev, Ruslan" uniqKey="Ruizbakiev R" first="Ruslan" last="Ruizbakiev">Ruslan Ruizbakiev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A65">Deceased: formerly of the Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 70000, Uzbekistan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Deceased: formerly of the Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 70000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>70000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A66">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sajantila, Antti" sort="Sajantila, Antti" uniqKey="Sajantila A" first="Antti" last="Sajantila">Antti Sajantila</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A68">Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Texas 76107</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A69">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia, 15872, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia, 15872</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santiago de Compostela</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starikovskaya, Elena B" sort="Starikovskaya, Elena B" uniqKey="Starikovskaya E" first="Elena B." last="Starikovskaya">Elena B. Starikovskaya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tarekegn, Ayele" sort="Tarekegn, Ayele" uniqKey="Tarekegn A" first="Ayele" last="Tarekegn">Ayele Tarekegn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A70">Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London WC1A 2HN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toncheva, Draga" sort="Toncheva, Draga" uniqKey="Toncheva D" first="Draga" last="Toncheva">Draga Toncheva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1431</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A71">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>100125</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uktveryte, Ingrida" sort="Uktveryte, Ingrida" uniqKey="Uktveryte I" first="Ingrida" last="Uktveryte">Ingrida Uktveryte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661, Lithuania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>LT-08661</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Genetics and Cytology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61077, Ukraine</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Cytology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61077</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>61077</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasquez, Rene" sort="Vasquez, Rene" uniqKey="Vasquez R" first="René" last="Vasquez">René Vasquez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Autonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villena, Mercedes" sort="Villena, Mercedes" uniqKey="Villena M" first="Mercedes" last="Villena">Mercedes Villena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Autonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voevoda, Mikhail" sort="Voevoda, Mikhail" uniqKey="Voevoda M" first="Mikhail" last="Voevoda">Mikhail Voevoda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A74">Inst. of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Acad. of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630089, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Inst. of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Acad. of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630089</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630089</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Cheryl" sort="Winkler, Cheryl" uniqKey="Winkler C" first="Cheryl" last="Winkler">Cheryl Winkler</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A75">Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A66">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zalloua, Pierre" sort="Zalloua, Pierre" uniqKey="Zalloua P" first="Pierre" last="Zalloua">Pierre Zalloua</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A76">Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, 13-5053, Lebanon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, 13-5053</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>13-5053</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A77">Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zemunik, Tatijana" sort="Zemunik, Tatijana" uniqKey="Zemunik T" first="Tatijana" last="Zemunik">Tatijana Zemunik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A78">Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, 21000, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, 21000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SA 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A79">Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Linares, Andres" sort="Ruiz Linares, Andres" uniqKey="Ruiz Linares A" first="Andres" last="Ruiz-Linares">Andres Ruiz-Linares</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A79">Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah A" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah A" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah A." last="Tishkoff">Sarah A. Tishkoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Biology and Genetics. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Genetics. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>19104</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Lalji" sort="Singh, Lalji" uniqKey="Singh L" first="Lalji" last="Singh">Lalji Singh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A81">CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>500 007</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" sort="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" uniqKey="Thangaraj K" first="Kumarasamy" last="Thangaraj">Kumarasamy Thangaraj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A81">CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>500 007</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A82">Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comas, David" sort="Comas, David" uniqKey="Comas D" first="David" last="Comas">David Comas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A83">Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Pompeu Fabra</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sukernik, Rem" sort="Sukernik, Rem" uniqKey="Sukernik R" first="Rem" last="Sukernik">Rem Sukernik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Matthias" sort="Meyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Matthias" last="Meyer">Matthias Meyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichler, Evan E" sort="Eichler, Evan E" uniqKey="Eichler E" first="Evan E." last="Eichler">Evan E. Eichler</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A84">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burger, Joachim" sort="Burger, Joachim" uniqKey="Burger J" first="Joachim" last="Burger">Joachim Burger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slatkin, Montgomery" sort="Slatkin, Montgomery" uniqKey="Slatkin M" first="Montgomery" last="Slatkin">Montgomery Slatkin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94720-3140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Bo, Svante" sort="P Bo, Svante" uniqKey="P Bo S" first="Svante" last="P Bo">Svante P Bo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelso, Janet" sort="Kelso, Janet" uniqKey="Kelso J" first="Janet" last="Kelso">Janet Kelso</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A85">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A86">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A87">Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena, 07745, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena, 07745</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25230663</idno><idno type="pmc">4170574</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170574</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4170574</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature13673</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D67</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D67</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002C17</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002C17</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001745</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001745</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003492</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003492</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003379</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003379</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">003379</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">003379</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001E13</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001E13</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001E13</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0028-0836:2014:Lazaridis I:ancient:human:genomes</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003C55</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003C06</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003C06</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day
Europeans</title><author><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Iosif" sort="Lazaridis, Iosif" uniqKey="Lazaridis I" first="Iosif" last="Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, Nick" sort="Patterson, Nick" uniqKey="Patterson N" first="Nick" last="Patterson">Nick Patterson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittnik, Alissa" sort="Mittnik, Alissa" uniqKey="Mittnik A" first="Alissa" last="Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renaud, Gabriel" sort="Renaud, Gabriel" uniqKey="Renaud G" first="Gabriel" last="Renaud">Gabriel Renaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirsanow, Karola" sort="Kirsanow, Karola" uniqKey="Kirsanow K" first="Karola" last="Kirsanow">Karola Kirsanow</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sudmant, Peter H" sort="Sudmant, Peter H" uniqKey="Sudmant P" first="Peter H." last="Sudmant">Peter H. Sudmant</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schraiber, Joshua G" sort="Schraiber, Joshua G" uniqKey="Schraiber J" first="Joshua G." last="Schraiber">Joshua G. Schraiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94720-3140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castellano, Sergi" sort="Castellano, Sergi" uniqKey="Castellano S" first="Sergi" last="Castellano">Sergi Castellano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipson, Mark" sort="Lipson, Mark" uniqKey="Lipson M" first="Mark" last="Lipson">Mark Lipson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, Bonnie" sort="Berger, Bonnie" uniqKey="Berger B" first="Bonnie" last="Berger">Bonnie Berger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Economou, Christos" sort="Economou, Christos" uniqKey="Economou C" first="Christos" last="Economou">Christos Economou</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A9">Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="1">Svealand</region><region nuts="1">Comté de Stockholm</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bollongino, Ruth" sort="Bollongino, Ruth" uniqKey="Bollongino R" first="Ruth" last="Bollongino">Ruth Bollongino</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Qiaomei" sort="Fu, Qiaomei" uniqKey="Fu Q" first="Qiaomei" last="Fu">Qiaomei Fu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing, 100049</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>100049</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bos, Kirsten I" sort="Bos, Kirsten I" uniqKey="Bos K" first="Kirsten I." last="Bos">Kirsten I. Bos</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nordenfelt, Susanne" sort="Nordenfelt, Susanne" uniqKey="Nordenfelt S" first="Susanne" last="Nordenfelt">Susanne Nordenfelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Heng" sort="Li, Heng" uniqKey="Li H" first="Heng" last="Li">Heng Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Filippo, Cesare" sort="De Filippo, Cesare" uniqKey="De Filippo C" first="Cesare" last="De Filippo">Cesare De Filippo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prufer, Kay" sort="Prufer, Kay" uniqKey="Prufer K" first="Kay" last="Prüfer">Kay Prüfer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Susanna" sort="Sawyer, Susanna" uniqKey="Sawyer S" first="Susanna" last="Sawyer">Susanna Sawyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posth, Cosimo" sort="Posth, Cosimo" uniqKey="Posth C" first="Cosimo" last="Posth">Cosimo Posth</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SA 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallgren, Fredrik" sort="Hallgren, Fredrik" uniqKey="Hallgren F" first="Fredrik" last="Hallgren">Fredrik Hallgren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>722 12</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fornander, Elin" sort="Fornander, Elin" uniqKey="Fornander E" first="Elin" last="Fornander">Elin Fornander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>722 12</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delsate, Dominique" sort="Delsate, Dominique" uniqKey="Delsate D" first="Dominique" last="Delsate">Dominique Delsate</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>L-2160</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>L-2345</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francken, Michael" sort="Francken, Michael" uniqKey="Francken M" first="Michael" last="Francken">Michael Francken</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guinet, Jean Michel" sort="Guinet, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Guinet J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Guinet">Jean-Michel Guinet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>L-2160</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wahl, Joachim" sort="Wahl, Joachim" uniqKey="Wahl J" first="Joachim" last="Wahl">Joachim Wahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz, D-78467, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz, D-78467</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>78467</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>78467</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-78467</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayodo, George" sort="Ayodo, George" uniqKey="Ayodo G" first="George" last="Ayodo">George Ayodo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu, 40100, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu, 40100</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>40100</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babiker, Hamza A" sort="Babiker, Hamza A" uniqKey="Babiker H" first="Hamza A." last="Babiker">Hamza A. Babiker</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, 123, Oman</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, 123</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>123</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailliet, Graciela" sort="Bailliet, Graciela" uniqKey="Bailliet G" first="Graciela" last="Bailliet">Graciela Bailliet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B1906APO</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>115478</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>115478</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow, 119991, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow, 119991</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>119991</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrantes, Ramiro" sort="Barrantes, Ramiro" uniqKey="Barrantes R" first="Ramiro" last="Barrantes">Ramiro Barrantes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2060</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedoya, Gabriel" sort="Bedoya, Gabriel" uniqKey="Bedoya G" first="Gabriel" last="Bedoya">Gabriel Bedoya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Medellín</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Ami, Haim" sort="Ben Ami, Haim" uniqKey="Ben Ami H" first="Haim" last="Ben-Ami">Haim Ben-Ami</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 31096, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 31096</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31096</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bene, Judit" sort="Bene, Judit" uniqKey="Bene J" first="Judit" last="Bene">Judit Bene</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">H-7624 Hungary</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berrada, Fouad" sort="Berrada, Fouad" uniqKey="Berrada F" first="Fouad" last="Berrada">Fouad Berrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane, 53000, Morocco</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane, 53000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bravi, Claudio M" sort="Bravi, Claudio M" uniqKey="Bravi C" first="Claudio M." last="Bravi">Claudio M. Bravi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B1906APO</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00168</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Busby, George B J" sort="Busby, George B J" uniqKey="Busby G" first="George B. J." last="Busby">George B. J. Busby</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A30">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cali, Francesco" sort="Cali, Francesco" uniqKey="Cali F" first="Francesco" last="Cali">Francesco Cali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina, 94018, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina, 94018</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94018</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Churnosov, Mikhail" sort="Churnosov, Mikhail" uniqKey="Churnosov M" first="Mikhail" last="Churnosov">Mikhail Churnosov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A32">Belgorod State University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Belgorod State University, Belgorod, 308015</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>308015</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, David E C" sort="Cole, David E C" uniqKey="Cole D" first="David E. C." last="Cole">David E. C. Cole</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A33">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L5, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L5</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corach, Daniel" sort="Corach, Daniel" uniqKey="Corach D" first="Daniel" last="Corach">Daniel Corach</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1113 CABA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damba, Larissa" sort="Damba, Larissa" uniqKey="Damba L" first="Larissa" last="Damba">Larissa Damba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Driem, George" sort="Van Driem, George" uniqKey="Van Driem G" first="George" last="Van Driem">George Van Driem</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A36">Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Berne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dryomov, Stanislav" sort="Dryomov, Stanislav" uniqKey="Dryomov S" first="Stanislav" last="Dryomov">Stanislav Dryomov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dugoujon, Jean Michel" sort="Dugoujon, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Dugoujon J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Dugoujon">Jean-Michel Dugoujon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, 31000, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, 31000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31000</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana A" sort="Fedorova, Sardana A" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana A." last="Fedorova">Sardana A. Fedorova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems and North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems and North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romero, Irene Gallego" sort="Romero, Irene Gallego" uniqKey="Romero I" first="Irene Gallego" last="Romero">Irene Gallego Romero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>60637</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubina, Marina" sort="Gubina, Marina" uniqKey="Gubina M" first="Marina" last="Gubina">Marina Gubina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael" sort="Hammer, Michael" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael" last="Hammer">Michael Hammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85721</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henn, Brenna M" sort="Henn, Brenna M" uniqKey="Henn B" first="Brenna M." last="Henn">Brenna M. Henn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>11794</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hervig, Tor" sort="Hervig, Tor" uniqKey="Hervig T" first="Tor" last="Hervig">Tor Hervig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>5021</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hodoglugil, Ugur" sort="Hodoglugil, Ugur" uniqKey="Hodoglugil U" first="Ugur" last="Hodoglugil">Ugur Hodoglugil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">NextBio, part of Illumina, Santa Clara, CA, USA 95050</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">USA 95050</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Aashish R" sort="Jha, Aashish R" uniqKey="Jha A" first="Aashish R." last="Jha">Aashish R. Jha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>60637</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karachanak Yankova, Sena" sort="Karachanak Yankova, Sena" uniqKey="Karachanak Yankova S" first="Sena" last="Karachanak-Yankova">Sena Karachanak-Yankova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1431</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza" last="Khusnutdinova">Elza Khusnutdinova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kittles, Rick" sort="Kittles, Rick" uniqKey="Kittles R" first="Rick" last="Kittles">Rick Kittles</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A48">College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de l'Illinois à Chicago</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Chicago</settlement><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A49">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QH</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klitz, William" sort="Klitz, William" uniqKey="Klitz W" first="William" last="Klitz">William Klitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94720-3140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ku Inskas, Vaidutis" sort="Ku Inskas, Vaidutis" uniqKey="Ku Inskas V" first="Vaidutis" last="Ku Inskas">Vaidutis Ku Inskas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661, Lithuania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>LT-08661</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laredj, Leila" sort="Laredj, Leila" uniqKey="Laredj L" first="Leila" last="Laredj">Leila Laredj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A52">Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 67404, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 67404</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>67404</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>67404</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergey" sort="Litvinov, Sergey" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergey" last="Litvinov">Sergey Litvinov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loukidis, Theologos" sort="Loukidis, Theologos" uniqKey="Loukidis T" first="Theologos" last="Loukidis">Theologos Loukidis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahley, Robert W" sort="Mahley, Robert W" uniqKey="Mahley R" first="Robert W." last="Mahley">Robert W. Mahley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A53">Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94158</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melegh, Bela" sort="Melegh, Bela" uniqKey="Melegh B" first="Béla" last="Melegh">Béla Melegh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">H-7624 Hungary</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molina, Julio" sort="Molina, Julio" uniqKey="Molina J" first="Julio" last="Molina">Julio Molina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A55">Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ciudad de Guatemala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mountain, Joanna" sort="Mountain, Joanna" uniqKey="Mountain J" first="Joanna" last="Mountain">Joanna Mountain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A56">Research Department, 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Department, 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, CA, 94043</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94043</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="N Kk L J Rvi, Klemetti" sort="N Kk L J Rvi, Klemetti" uniqKey="N Kk L J Rvi K" first="Klemetti" last="N Kk L J Rvi">Klemetti N Kk L J Rvi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A57">Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>90014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nesheva, Desislava" sort="Nesheva, Desislava" uniqKey="Nesheva D" first="Desislava" last="Nesheva">Desislava Nesheva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1431</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyambo, Thomas" sort="Nyambo, Thomas" uniqKey="Nyambo T" first="Thomas" last="Nyambo">Thomas Nyambo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila" sort="Osipova, Ludmila" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila" last="Osipova">Ludmila Osipova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parik, Juri" sort="Parik, Juri" uniqKey="Parik J" first="Jüri" last="Parik">Jüri Parik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Platonov, Fedor" sort="Platonov, Fedor" uniqKey="Platonov F" first="Fedor" last="Platonov">Fedor Platonov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A59">Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posukh, Olga" sort="Posukh, Olga" uniqKey="Posukh O" first="Olga" last="Posukh">Olga Posukh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romano, Valentino" sort="Romano, Valentino" uniqKey="Romano V" first="Valentino" last="Romano">Valentino Romano</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A60">Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, 90128</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Palerme</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Palerme</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Sicile</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothhammer, Francisco" sort="Rothhammer, Francisco" uniqKey="Rothhammer F" first="Francisco" last="Rothhammer">Francisco Rothhammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A61">Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A62">Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A63">Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica, Chile</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A64">Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>EH8 9AG</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruizbakiev, Ruslan" sort="Ruizbakiev, Ruslan" uniqKey="Ruizbakiev R" first="Ruslan" last="Ruizbakiev">Ruslan Ruizbakiev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A65">Deceased: formerly of the Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 70000, Uzbekistan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Deceased: formerly of the Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 70000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>70000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A66">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sajantila, Antti" sort="Sajantila, Antti" uniqKey="Sajantila A" first="Antti" last="Sajantila">Antti Sajantila</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A68">Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Texas 76107</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A69">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia, 15872, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia, 15872</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santiago de Compostela</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starikovskaya, Elena B" sort="Starikovskaya, Elena B" uniqKey="Starikovskaya E" first="Elena B." last="Starikovskaya">Elena B. Starikovskaya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tarekegn, Ayele" sort="Tarekegn, Ayele" uniqKey="Tarekegn A" first="Ayele" last="Tarekegn">Ayele Tarekegn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A70">Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London WC1A 2HN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toncheva, Draga" sort="Toncheva, Draga" uniqKey="Toncheva D" first="Draga" last="Toncheva">Draga Toncheva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1431</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A71">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>100125</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uktveryte, Ingrida" sort="Uktveryte, Ingrida" uniqKey="Uktveryte I" first="Ingrida" last="Uktveryte">Ingrida Uktveryte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661, Lithuania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>LT-08661</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A72">Department of Genetics and Cytology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61077, Ukraine</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Cytology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61077</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>61077</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasquez, Rene" sort="Vasquez, Rene" uniqKey="Vasquez R" first="René" last="Vasquez">René Vasquez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Autonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villena, Mercedes" sort="Villena, Mercedes" uniqKey="Villena M" first="Mercedes" last="Villena">Mercedes Villena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Autonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voevoda, Mikhail" sort="Voevoda, Mikhail" uniqKey="Voevoda M" first="Mikhail" last="Voevoda">Mikhail Voevoda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A35">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A74">Inst. of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Acad. of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630089, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Inst. of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Acad. of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630089</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630089</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Cheryl" sort="Winkler, Cheryl" uniqKey="Winkler C" first="Cheryl" last="Winkler">Cheryl Winkler</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A75">Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A66">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zalloua, Pierre" sort="Zalloua, Pierre" uniqKey="Zalloua P" first="Pierre" last="Zalloua">Pierre Zalloua</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A76">Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, 13-5053, Lebanon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, 13-5053</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>13-5053</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A77">Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zemunik, Tatijana" sort="Zemunik, Tatijana" uniqKey="Zemunik T" first="Tatijana" last="Zemunik">Tatijana Zemunik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A78">Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, 21000, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, 21000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SA 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A79">Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Linares, Andres" sort="Ruiz Linares, Andres" uniqKey="Ruiz Linares A" first="Andres" last="Ruiz-Linares">Andres Ruiz-Linares</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A79">Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah A" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah A" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah A." last="Tishkoff">Sarah A. Tishkoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Biology and Genetics. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Genetics. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>19104</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Lalji" sort="Singh, Lalji" uniqKey="Singh L" first="Lalji" last="Singh">Lalji Singh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A81">CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>500 007</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" sort="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" uniqKey="Thangaraj K" first="Kumarasamy" last="Thangaraj">Kumarasamy Thangaraj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A81">CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>500 007</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A82">Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comas, David" sort="Comas, David" uniqKey="Comas D" first="David" last="Comas">David Comas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A83">Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Pompeu Fabra</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sukernik, Rem" sort="Sukernik, Rem" uniqKey="Sukernik R" first="Rem" last="Sukernik">Rem Sukernik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Matthias" sort="Meyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Matthias" last="Meyer">Matthias Meyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichler, Evan E" sort="Eichler, Evan E" uniqKey="Eichler E" first="Evan E." last="Eichler">Evan E. Eichler</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A84">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burger, Joachim" sort="Burger, Joachim" uniqKey="Burger J" first="Joachim" last="Burger">Joachim Burger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A5">Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slatkin, Montgomery" sort="Slatkin, Montgomery" uniqKey="Slatkin M" first="Montgomery" last="Slatkin">Montgomery Slatkin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>94720-3140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Bo, Svante" sort="P Bo, Svante" uniqKey="P Bo S" first="Svante" last="P Bo">Svante P Bo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelso, Janet" sort="Kelso, Janet" uniqKey="Kelso J" first="Janet" last="Kelso">Janet Kelso</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A85">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A86">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A87">Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena, 07745, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena, 07745</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture (history)</term><term>Agriculture (manpower)</term><term>Asia (ethnology)</term><term>Europe</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (classification)</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics)</term><term>Genome, Human (genetics)</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Population Dynamics</term><term>Principal Component Analysis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture (histoire)</term><term>Agriculture (main d’œuvre)</term><term>Analyse en composantes principales</term><term>Asie (ethnologie)</term><term>Dynamique des populations</term><term>Europe</term><term>Génome humain (génétique)</term><term>Histoire ancienne</term><term>Humains</term><term>Population d'origine européenne ()</term><term>Population d'origine européenne (génétique)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>Asia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Asie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>Genome, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génome humain</term><term>Population d'origine européenne</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="histoire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="main d’œuvre" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="manpower" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Europe</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Population Dynamics</term><term>Principal Component Analysis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse en composantes principales</term><term>Dynamique des populations</term><term>Europe</term><term>Histoire ancienne</term><term>Humains</term><term>Population d'origine européenne</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000 year old farmer from Germany and eight
~8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analyzed these and other
ancient genomes<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>–<xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most
present Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West
European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near
Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE) related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians<sup><xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>, who contributed to both Europeans and Near
Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but
also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations’ deep relationships
and show that EEF had ~44% ancestry from a “Basal Eurasian”
population that split prior to the diversification of other non-African lineages.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keller, A" uniqKey="Keller A">A Keller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olalde, I" uniqKey="Olalde I">I Olalde</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raghavan, M" uniqKey="Raghavan M">M Raghavan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Skoglund, P" uniqKey="Skoglund P">P Skoglund</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bramanti, B" uniqKey="Bramanti B">B Bramanti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haak, W" uniqKey="Haak W">W Haak</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lipson, M" uniqKey="Lipson M">M Lipson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patterson, N" uniqKey="Patterson N">N Patterson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krause, J" uniqKey="Krause J">J Krause</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, S" uniqKey="Sawyer S">S Sawyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, J" uniqKey="Krause J">J Krause</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guschanski, K" uniqKey="Guschanski K">K Guschanski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Savolainen, V" uniqKey="Savolainen V">V Savolainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="P Bo, S" uniqKey="P Bo S">S Pääbo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haak, W" uniqKey="Haak W">W Haak</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perry, Gh" uniqKey="Perry G">GH Perry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Dh" uniqKey="Alexander D">DH Alexander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Novembre, J" uniqKey="Novembre J">J Novembre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lange, K" uniqKey="Lange K">K Lange</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patterson, N" uniqKey="Patterson N">N Patterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Al" uniqKey="Price A">AL Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, D" uniqKey="Reich D">D Reich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reich, D" uniqKey="Reich D">D Reich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thangaraj, K" uniqKey="Thangaraj K">K Thangaraj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, N" uniqKey="Patterson N">N Patterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Al" uniqKey="Price A">AL Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, L" uniqKey="Singh L">L Singh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moorjani, P" uniqKey="Moorjani P">P Moorjani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reich, D" uniqKey="Reich D">D Reich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Botigue, Lr" uniqKey="Botigue L">LR Botigué</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cerezo, M" uniqKey="Cerezo M">M Cerezo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moorjani, P" uniqKey="Moorjani P">P Moorjani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pickrell, Jk" uniqKey="Pickrell J">JK Pickrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pritchard, Jk" uniqKey="Pritchard J">JK Pritchard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fu, Q" uniqKey="Fu Q">Q 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sortKey="Lawson, Dj" uniqKey="Lawson D">DJ Lawson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hellenthal, G" uniqKey="Hellenthal G">G Hellenthal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myers, S" uniqKey="Myers S">S Myers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falush, D" uniqKey="Falush D">D Falush</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brandt, G" uniqKey="Brandt G">G Brandt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Delsate, D" uniqKey="Delsate D">D Delsate</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guinet, Jm" uniqKey="Guinet J">JM Guinet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saverwyns, S" uniqKey="Saverwyns S">S Saverwyns</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rohland, N" uniqKey="Rohland N">N Rohland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hofreiter, M" uniqKey="Hofreiter M">M Hofreiter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dabney, J" uniqKey="Dabney J">J Dabney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="St Uble, Hsfv Ufduf" uniqKey="St Uble H">HSfV-uFdUF Stäuble</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Dy" uniqKey="Yang D">DY Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eng, B" uniqKey="Eng B">B Eng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waye, Js" uniqKey="Waye J">JS Waye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dudar, Jc" uniqKey="Dudar J">JC Dudar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saunders, Sr" uniqKey="Saunders S">SR Saunders</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyer, M" uniqKey="Meyer M">M Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kircher, M" uniqKey="Kircher M">M Kircher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyer, M" uniqKey="Meyer M">M Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Briggs, Aw" uniqKey="Briggs A">AW Briggs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kircher, M" uniqKey="Kircher M">M Kircher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, H" uniqKey="Li H">H Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durbin, R" uniqKey="Durbin R">R Durbin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mckenna, A" uniqKey="Mckenna A">A McKenna</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maricic, T" uniqKey="Maricic T">T Maricic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitten, M" uniqKey="Whitten M">M Whitten</name></author><author><name sortKey="P Bo, S" uniqKey="P Bo S">S Pääbo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Behar, Doron M" uniqKey="Behar D">Doron M Behar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Green, Re" uniqKey="Green R">RE Green</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fu, Q" uniqKey="Fu Q">Q Fu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fu, Q" uniqKey="Fu Q">Q Fu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, M" uniqKey="Rasmussen M">M Rasmussen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vianello, D" uniqKey="Vianello D">D Vianello</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamura, K" uniqKey="Tamura K">K Tamura</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Skoglund, P" uniqKey="Skoglund P">P Skoglund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stor, J" uniqKey="Stor J">J Storå</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gotherstrom, A" uniqKey="Gotherstrom A">A Götherström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jakobsson, M" uniqKey="Jakobsson M">M Jakobsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drummond, A" uniqKey="Drummond A">A Drummond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A Rambaut</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lippold, S" uniqKey="Lippold S">S Lippold</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Green, Re" uniqKey="Green R">RE Green</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reich, D" uniqKey="Reich D">D Reich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prufer, K" uniqKey="Prufer K">K Prufer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, H" uniqKey="Li H">H Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durbin, R" uniqKey="Durbin R">R Durbin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hach, F" uniqKey="Hach F">F Hach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Danecek, P" uniqKey="Danecek P">P Danecek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, H" uniqKey="Li H">H Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keinan, A" uniqKey="Keinan A">A Keinan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mullikin, Jc" uniqKey="Mullikin J">JC Mullikin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, N" uniqKey="Patterson N">N Patterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, D" uniqKey="Reich D">D Reich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, Al" uniqKey="Price A">AL Price</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Purcell, S" uniqKey="Purcell S">S Purcell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alexander, D" uniqKey="Alexander D">D Alexander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lange, K" uniqKey="Lange K">K Lange</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jakobsson, M" uniqKey="Jakobsson M">M Jakobsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenberg, Na" uniqKey="Rosenberg N">NA Rosenberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, Al" uniqKey="Price A">AL Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaitlen, Na" uniqKey="Zaitlen N">NA Zaitlen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, D" uniqKey="Reich D">D Reich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, N" uniqKey="Patterson N">N Patterson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Busing, Fta" uniqKey="Busing F">FTA Busing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meijer, E" uniqKey="Meijer E">E Meijer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leeden, R" uniqKey="Leeden R">R Leeden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loh, Pr" uniqKey="Loh P">PR Loh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Mr" uniqKey="Nelson M">MR Nelson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Argentine</li><li>Arménie</li><li>Australie</li><li>Bulgarie</li><li>Canada</li><li>Chili</li><li>Colombie</li><li>Costa Rica</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Estonie</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Guatemala</li><li>Inde</li><li>Israël</li><li>Italie</li><li>Kenya</li><li>Liban</li><li>Lituanie</li><li>Luxembourg (pays)</li><li>Maroc</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Oman</li><li>Ouzbékistan</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Suède</li><li>Tanzanie</li><li>Ukraine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>Canton de Berne</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>Comté de Stockholm</li><li>District de Leipzig</li><li>District de Tübingen</li><li>Galice</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Illinois</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Ontario</li><li>Oxfordshire</li><li>Rhénanie-Palatinat</li><li>Saxe (Land)</li><li>Sicile</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Uusimaa</li><li>Washington (État)</li><li>Écosse</li></region><settlement><li>Barcelone</li><li>Berne</li><li>Cambridge</li><li>Chicago</li><li>Helsinki</li><li>Leipzig</li><li>Londres</li><li>Mayence</li><li>Oxford</li><li>Palerme</li><li>Santiago de Compostela</li><li>Seattle</li><li>Stockholm</li><li>Toronto</li><li>Tübingen</li><li>Édimbourg</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li><li>Université Pompeu Fabra</li><li>Université d'Helsinki</li><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université d'Édimbourg</li><li>Université de Berne</li><li>Université de Cambridge</li><li>Université de Palerme</li><li>Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle</li><li>Université de Stockholm</li><li>Université de Toronto</li><li>Université de Washington</li><li>Université de l'Illinois à Chicago</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Bene, Judit" sort="Bene, Judit" uniqKey="Bene J" first="Judit" last="Bene">Judit Bene</name><name sortKey="Hodoglugil, Ugur" sort="Hodoglugil, Ugur" uniqKey="Hodoglugil U" first="Ugur" last="Hodoglugil">Ugur Hodoglugil</name><name sortKey="Loukidis, Theologos" sort="Loukidis, Theologos" uniqKey="Loukidis T" first="Theologos" last="Loukidis">Theologos Loukidis</name><name sortKey="Melegh, Bela" sort="Melegh, Bela" uniqKey="Melegh B" first="Béla" last="Melegh">Béla Melegh</name><name sortKey="Vasquez, Rene" sort="Vasquez, Rene" uniqKey="Vasquez R" first="René" last="Vasquez">René Vasquez</name><name sortKey="Villena, Mercedes" sort="Villena, Mercedes" uniqKey="Villena M" first="Mercedes" last="Villena">Mercedes Villena</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Iosif" sort="Lazaridis, Iosif" uniqKey="Lazaridis I" first="Iosif" last="Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Berger, Bonnie" sort="Berger, Bonnie" uniqKey="Berger B" first="Bonnie" last="Berger">Bonnie Berger</name><name sortKey="Berger, Bonnie" sort="Berger, Bonnie" uniqKey="Berger B" first="Bonnie" last="Berger">Bonnie Berger</name><name sortKey="Eichler, Evan E" sort="Eichler, Evan E" uniqKey="Eichler E" first="Evan E." last="Eichler">Evan E. Eichler</name><name sortKey="Eichler, Evan E" sort="Eichler, Evan E" uniqKey="Eichler E" first="Evan E." last="Eichler">Evan E. Eichler</name><name sortKey="Fu, Qiaomei" sort="Fu, Qiaomei" uniqKey="Fu Q" first="Qiaomei" last="Fu">Qiaomei Fu</name><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael" sort="Hammer, Michael" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael" last="Hammer">Michael Hammer</name><name sortKey="Henn, Brenna M" sort="Henn, Brenna M" uniqKey="Henn B" first="Brenna M." last="Henn">Brenna M. Henn</name><name sortKey="Jha, Aashish R" sort="Jha, Aashish R" uniqKey="Jha A" first="Aashish R." last="Jha">Aashish R. Jha</name><name sortKey="Kittles, Rick" sort="Kittles, Rick" uniqKey="Kittles R" first="Rick" last="Kittles">Rick Kittles</name><name sortKey="Klitz, William" sort="Klitz, William" uniqKey="Klitz W" first="William" last="Klitz">William Klitz</name><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Iosif" sort="Lazaridis, Iosif" uniqKey="Lazaridis I" first="Iosif" last="Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</name><name sortKey="Li, Heng" sort="Li, Heng" uniqKey="Li H" first="Heng" last="Li">Heng Li</name><name sortKey="Li, Heng" sort="Li, Heng" uniqKey="Li H" first="Heng" last="Li">Heng Li</name><name sortKey="Lipson, Mark" sort="Lipson, Mark" uniqKey="Lipson M" first="Mark" last="Lipson">Mark Lipson</name><name sortKey="Mahley, Robert W" sort="Mahley, Robert W" uniqKey="Mahley R" first="Robert W." last="Mahley">Robert W. Mahley</name><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><name sortKey="Mountain, Joanna" sort="Mountain, Joanna" uniqKey="Mountain J" first="Joanna" last="Mountain">Joanna Mountain</name><name sortKey="Nordenfelt, Susanne" sort="Nordenfelt, Susanne" uniqKey="Nordenfelt S" first="Susanne" last="Nordenfelt">Susanne Nordenfelt</name><name sortKey="Nordenfelt, Susanne" sort="Nordenfelt, Susanne" uniqKey="Nordenfelt S" first="Susanne" last="Nordenfelt">Susanne Nordenfelt</name><name sortKey="Patterson, Nick" sort="Patterson, Nick" uniqKey="Patterson N" first="Nick" last="Patterson">Nick Patterson</name><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><name sortKey="Romero, Irene Gallego" sort="Romero, Irene Gallego" uniqKey="Romero I" first="Irene Gallego" last="Romero">Irene Gallego Romero</name><name sortKey="Sajantila, Antti" sort="Sajantila, Antti" uniqKey="Sajantila A" first="Antti" last="Sajantila">Antti Sajantila</name><name sortKey="Schraiber, Joshua G" sort="Schraiber, Joshua G" uniqKey="Schraiber J" first="Joshua G." last="Schraiber">Joshua G. Schraiber</name><name sortKey="Slatkin, Montgomery" sort="Slatkin, Montgomery" uniqKey="Slatkin M" first="Montgomery" last="Slatkin">Montgomery Slatkin</name><name sortKey="Sudmant, Peter H" sort="Sudmant, Peter H" uniqKey="Sudmant P" first="Peter H." last="Sudmant">Peter H. Sudmant</name><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah A" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah A" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah A." last="Tishkoff">Sarah A. 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Comas</name></country><country name="Ukraine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name></noRegion></country><country name="Liban"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zalloua, Pierre" sort="Zalloua, Pierre" uniqKey="Zalloua P" first="Pierre" last="Zalloua">Pierre Zalloua</name></noRegion></country><country name="Croatie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zemunik, Tatijana" sort="Zemunik, Tatijana" uniqKey="Zemunik T" first="Tatijana" last="Zemunik">Tatijana Zemunik</name></noRegion></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Singh, Lalji" sort="Singh, Lalji" uniqKey="Singh L" first="Lalji" last="Singh">Lalji Singh</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" sort="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" uniqKey="Thangaraj K" first="Kumarasamy" last="Thangaraj">Kumarasamy Thangaraj</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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